Description
A medium-sized to fairly large but relatively short-lived tree that rarely grows taller than 30 m, with broadly pinnate leaves to 1 m long and small, white flowers. Ailanthus altissima is very fast growing and easily established, but can also become a nuisance as it spreads by root suckers when trying to remove it. It makes a robust street tree for temperate climates.
Germination Guide
🌍 Northeastern and central China, and Taiwan
Moderate
Ailanthus altissima, commonly known as tree of heaven, is a rapidly growing deciduous tree native to northeastern and central China and Taiwan. Despite its ability to germinate without stratification, cold stratification significantly improves germination rates to 75-96%. The species exhibits physiological dormancy at cool temperatures but performs better at warmer, fluctuating temperature regimes.
Germination
Germination time
Expect germination in
7 – 28 days
Temperature
Min 20°C
Ideal 25°C
Max 30°C
🌡️ Temperature alternation recommended
— Alternating temperatures of 30/20°C produce better germination than constant temperatures. Seeds show physiological dormancy at 15/6°C.
Substrate moisture
💧 Medium
Seed Pre-treatment
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💧
Soaking — 24 hours
Soak seeds in room temperature water for 24 hours before sowing. Some sources recommend 48-72 hours for optimal results.
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🔨
Hot water scarification
Soak seeds in water at room temperature for 24 hours before sowing to improve germination rates.
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❄️
Cold stratification — 60 days at 4°C
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📋
Additional notes
Cold stratification improves germination rates significantly but is not strictly required. Seeds can germinate without stratification but at lower rates.
Substrate & Container
Recommended substrate
Well-draining soil mix or agar-based medium
Recommended container
Seed trays, pots, or Petri dishes for testing
Growing Tips
For best results, soak seeds in room-temperature water for 24 hours, then cold stratify at 4°C for 60 days. Seeds need light for germination and should be covered lightly with soil (1/4 inch or 0.5 cm). Maintain soil moisture without waterlogging. Autumn outdoor sowing in mulched beds is an effective natural alternative to artificial stratification. Germination typically occurs within 7-28 days at 20-25°C. This species is highly invasive; consider ecological impacts before cultivation.
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