Description
Senegalia senegal (also known as Acacia senegal) is a small thorny deciduous tree from the genus Senegalia, which is known by several common names, including gum acacia, gum arabic tree, Sudan gum and Sudan gum arabic. In parts of India, it is known as Kher or Khor. It is native to semi-desert regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as Oman, Pakistan, west coastal India. It grows to a height of 5–12 metres (16-40′), with a trunk up to 30 cm (1′) in diameter.[3] Sudan is the source of the world’s highest quality gum arabic, known locally as hashab gum in contrast to the related, but inferior, gum arabic from Red acacia or talah gum
Germination Guide
🌍 Semi-desert regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal to Somalia), Oman, Pakistan, and western coastal India
Easy
Acacia senegal, commonly known as Gum Acacia or Gum Arabic Tree, is a small thorny deciduous tree native to semi-desert regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. It is the source of the world's highest quality gum arabic, widely used in food, cosmetics, and industrial applications. As a nitrogen-fixing legume, this species is highly valued for soil improvement and agroforestry systems, making it both economically and ecologically important for dryland regions.
Germination
Germination time
Expect germination in
10 – 25 days
Temperature
Min 20°C
Ideal 21°C
Max 30°C
Substrate moisture
💧 Medium
Seed Pre-treatment
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💧
Soaking — 24 hours
Soak in clean water for 12-24 hours at room temperature (20-30°C). Germination is improved with pre-soaking in warm water prior to sowing. Seeds that swell are ready for sowing.
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🔨
Mechanical scarification
Mechanical scarification by lightly sanding or nicking the seed surface is optional for fresh seed but recommended for stored seed to break dormancy. Unlike most acacias, seed coat is not completely impermeable to water.
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📋
Additional notes
Fresh seed requires no pretreatment if sown immediately after harvest. Seed collected in previous seasons requires pretreatment to break dormancy. Scarification followed by soaking is recommended for older seed.
Substrate & Container
Recommended substrate
Well-drained soil mix: 50% coco coir or peat combined with 50% perlite or coarse sand. Alternatively, clay plains, sandy soils, or loamy soils work well. pH 5-8 (ideally 6.0-7.5).
Recommended container
Deep individual pots (preferably at least 2 inches/5 cm diameter) to accommodate the developing taproot. Polyethylene pots are commonly used in nurseries.
Growing Tips
Ensure adequate air circulation to reduce fungal growth—avoid completely sealed environments. Seedlings develop a deep taproot and resent root disturbance; transplant into permanent positions as soon as possible after developing 2-4 true leaves. Handle seedlings carefully to avoid disturbing the developing root system. The species is drought-tolerant once established and prefers well-drained soils. Provide seedlings with full sun during later growth stages. Tamp soil gently over seeds after sowing. When seeds begin to germinate, transplant to small containers with a well-draining medium. Keep containers moderately moist but not waterlogged. Once seedlings develop several true leaves, feed with diluted fish fertilizer if using low-nutrient potting medium.
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