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Ficus benghalensis – Banyan Tree, Indian Banyan, Bengal Fig, East Indian Fig, Nyagrodha Tree

Botanical Name: Ficus benghalensis
Common Name: Banyan Tree, Indian Banyan, Bengal Fig, East Indian Fig, Nyagrodha Tree
Family: Moraceae

1.92

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Description

Ficus benghalensis is a majestic evergreen tree celebrated for its vast canopy and unique aerial roots that descend from branches to form new trunks, creating a living network of columns. Native to the Indian subcontinent, it can spread over several hectares, with individual trees reaching up to 20 to 25 meters in height. The glossy green leaves are large, leathery, and oval-shaped, while small figs serve as food for birds and wildlife. Highly revered in Indian culture and mythology, the Banyan Tree symbolizes immortality and unity. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil and tolerates heat, drought, and various soil types once established. Commonly planted in parks, temples, and large landscapes, it is one of the most iconic and awe-inspiring trees in the world.

Germination Guide

🌍 Indian subcontinent including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh
Difficult

Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as the Banyan Tree, is a fast-growing evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent, revered as the national tree of India. The tree produces tiny seeds that require warm temperatures, high humidity, and light exposure to germinate, with germination typically occurring within 2-3 weeks but can extend to several months.

Germination
Germination time
Expect germination in

21 – 90 days

Temperature

Min 21°C
Ideal 25°C
Max 26°C

Light
☀️ Light required

Substrate moisture
💧💧 High

Sowing depth
Surface


Seed Pre-treatment
  • 💧

    Soaking — 24 hours
    Soak seeds in warm water for 24 hours to rehydrate seed coat and improve germination
  • ❄️


    Cold stratification — 30 days at 5°C
  • 📋

    Additional notes
    Warm water soaking for 24 hours, optional cold stratification for 1-2 months improves germination

Substrate & Container
Recommended substrate
Well-draining potting mix with perlite or sand, light soil preferred

Recommended container
Humidity dome, cloning box or ziplock bag to maintain high humidity


Growing Tips
Scatter seeds on soil surface without covering as light is essential for germination. Maintain high humidity using humidity domes or enclosed containers with light ventilation to prevent mold. Keep substrate consistently moist but not waterlogged. Provide bright, indirect light after germination. Once seedlings develop 2-3 true leaves, transplant into individual pots. Seeds benefit from a 24-hour warm water soak and optional cold stratification (1-2 months) to improve irregular germination. Patience is essential as seeds may germinate over extended periods. Avoid overwatering to prevent damping off disease.

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